80年代黄河中游来沙减少的原因分析

80年代黄河中游来沙量减少,主要原因是降雨量减少和降雨强度减小,流域综合治理也起到了减沙作用。据分析,降雨因素减沙约占总减沙量的70％,流域综合治理减沙约占30％。     

煤层防塌钻井液技术

从煤层岩的强度等力学性能和化学结构、密度、亲油亲水性等理化性能综合分析了塔里木盆地依奇克里克区块煤层坍塌的机理，确定了防塌措施，用封堵实验法考查了粒径、温度、封堵剂种类与加量等因素对钻井液封堵防塌性能的影响，优选出的煤层防塌钻井液技术配方，在依西-1井、依南-4井等井的现场应用中取得了较好的煤层防塌效果，井径规则，起下钻，电测，取心，下套管，固井作业均顺利。     

KINETICS OF HYDRODESULFURIZATION OF HEAVY GAS OIL DERIVED FROM OIL-SANDS BITUMEN

With gradual shortage in the supply of crude oil, the importance of producing synthetic crude oil from oil sands and shale oil is increasing day by day. In the present paper, the effects of various process variables such as temperature, liquid hourly space velocity and hydrogen/heavy gas oil volumetric ratio on the removal of sulfur compounds from oil sands derived heavy gas oil has been studied. The experiments have been carried out in a micro scale trickle bed reactor over a commercial Ni-Mo catalyst. The temperature, liquid hourly space velocity and hydrogen/heavy gas oil volumetric ratio have been varied from 365 to 415°C, 0.5 to 1.9 h^-1 and 400 to 1000 ml, respectively. Under optimum reaction conditions over 96% conversion of sulfur compounds was achieved. The kinetics of the rate of sulfur removal from the oil sands derived heavy gas oil has also been discussed in this article.     

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中国煤层气资源丰富 ,据估算 ,埋深 2 0 0 0m以浅的煤层气资源达 (30～ 35 )× 10 12 m3 。但中国煤层气地面开发刚进入起步阶段 ,加之中国煤田地质条件比较复杂 ,因此研究中国特殊地质条件下煤层气的解吸、扩散和渗流机理的具体地质表现是认识煤层气可采性的关键。针对我国煤层气开采的特殊性 ,我国采取“地面开采和井巷抽放相结合”的方针。然而井巷开采占了相当的比例。本文建立了煤层气扩散渗流数学物理方程 ,并对煤层气渗流偏微分方程 ,采用差分法 ,进行了数值模拟计算。模拟结果表明 ,所建立的煤层气扩散渗流模型较准确地反映了煤层中煤层气流动规律 ,模拟后的煤层气压力变化曲线可以确定煤层气的开采压力变化范围和煤层气产气最大面积 ,对我国大面积低渗透性无烟煤煤层气的开发具有指导意义。     

高频等参数感应(ВИКИЗ)测井技术应用

介绍了高频等参数感应的基本原理。以胜利油田比较典型的 3口井为例 ,详细分析了高频感应资料在划分薄夹层、确定储层流体饱和类型、评价储层电阻率空间分布等方面的应用。研究结果表明 ,高频感应具有极高的纵向分辨率和较好的径向探测特性 ,能够准确计算地层真电阻率、侵入带电阻率及侵入半径 ,通过与常规感应及薄层测井资料的对比 ,论证了高频等参数感应在测井技术应用上的优越性     

甲烷氧化偶联制乙烯在薄层固定床中的放大实验

研究了甲烷氧化偶联制乙烯反应从３０ｍｌ催化剂装量放大到２００ｍｌ催化剂时，催化剂粒径、床层高度、反应器管形、管径及催化床层底部与加热炉出口位置等对Ｃ２选择性和Ｃ２烃收率的影响。得出在１００ｍｍ的石英反应床中，当催化剂粒度为２０～３０目（１．０～０．６３ｍｍ），床层高度约２５ｍｍ，甲烷与氧混合气由反应管上方进入，催化剂床层底部离反应管加热出口约２０ｍｍ时，在最佳反应条件下，催化剂装量由３０ｍｌ放大到２００ｍｌ的结果基本一致。     

A study of solid circulation rate in a circulating fluidized bed

An experimental investigation under cold condition was made to study the effects of some operating/design parameters and non-mechanical L valve configuration on the solid circulation rate in a 4.5 m tall, 0.15 m diameter circulating fluidized bed with riser flow rate varying from 1400 litres/min to 2000 litres/min and bed inventory from 15 kg to 25 kg of sand of average sizes 200 μm, 400 μm and 500 μm. Solid circulation rate was estimated by measuring velocity of sand particle travelling through a vertical Perspex tube section at the bottom of the return leg. It was found to be in the range of 2.8 to 12.3kg/m²s, 0.07 to 9.1kg/m²s and 0.12 to 2.23kg/m²s for sand sizes of 200 μm, 400 μm and 500 μm, respectively for a horizontal L valve. Two mathematical correlations have been developed from the experimental results to predict solid circulation rate as a function of riser flow rate, aeration flow rate, total bed inventory and particle size used.     

Monte Carlo simulations to determine coating uniformity in a Wurster fluidized bed coating process

This paper presents a coating model to predict the mass coating uniformity in a Wurster fluid bed coater using a Monte Carlo method. The velocity and voidage data obtained using imaging techniques on the same Wurster coater are used as inputs to the model. The semi-circular Wurster fluid bed used in this work was 22.9 cm in diameter. A batch of 3.6 kg tablets was used to conduct coating experiments and the coating weight gain distribution results were compared to predictions from the simulation. The model rigorously considers the sheltering effect of particles as they move in the spray zone. Good agreement was obtained when comparing the results with an analytical model.Spray shape and orientation of discretization were found to play an important role in predicting the coating uniformity. A simple spray experiment in a particle-free bed showed that the direction of spray material, in general, was vertically upward. Simulation results confirmed that an upward cylindrical spray model gives better agreement with experimental results compared to a solid cone spray model. Finally, the model was used to predict the changes in coating uniformity with bed operating conditions such as gas velocity and gap height. A wider coating distribution was found for the case with the lower gas velocity and gap height.     

高密度钻井液随钻堵漏技术研究

地层和油气层分布的特点，使塔里木盆地易发生高密度条件下的井漏。多种堵漏处理措施，如降排量、降密度、静止堵漏、随钻堵漏、桥接堵漏、注水泥堵漏等都没有很好地解决这类漏失问题。根据井漏及堵漏情况，开发出了高密度条件下使用的随钻封堵护壁剂。该堵漏剂主要以改性纤维作为骨架材料，改性沥青和天然有机高分子作为填充材料，以弱交联聚合物为变形填充材料，并辅以有机硅为粘结护壁材料，是一种具有物理化学堵漏功能的新型随钻堵漏剂。经流变性、砂床滤失性、润滑性、油层保护性等性能评价，表明该处理剂加入后，对钻井液流变性影响小、可辅助降低API滤失量和润滑系教、能碴著降低砂床滤失鼍。同时还具有一定的保护油气层的功能。     

悬索缆道(带铅鱼)在义棠水文站的应用

文中以山西省首家悬索自动化测流缆道在义棠水文站淤泥质河床的应用为例，叙述了该站缆道的设计、安装、试验研究的基本情况、设计指标、缆道总体布设、信号传输线路的设计及工作原理等。“失重”开关与河底开关的双重保险功能是解决我国北方地区淤泥质河床信号的产生与传输的关键。文中对此做了具体叙述，旨在为类似的缆道工程设计采用时参考。